Audit Logging

Audit logging is a security and compliance practice that involves systematically recording events, actions, and changes within a system or application to create an immutable trail for accountability and forensic analysis. It captures details such as who performed an action, what was done, when it occurred, and from where, often including contextual data like IP addresses or resource identifiers. This enables organizations to monitor user activities, detect anomalies, investigate incidents, and demonstrate regulatory compliance.

Also known as: Audit Trail, Event Logging, Security Logging, Compliance Logging, Audit Records

Why learn Audit Logging?

Developers should implement audit logging in applications handling sensitive data, financial transactions, or subject to regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, or SOX, as it provides transparency and traceability for security breaches or unauthorized access. It is crucial for debugging complex systems, supporting legal investigations, and maintaining audit trails in industries such as healthcare, finance, and government, where accountability is mandated by law or policy.

Learning Resources

• docs: NIST Guide to Computer Security Log Management
• docs: OWASP Logging Cheat Sheet
• tutorial: Audit Logging Best Practices on Microsoft Docs
• docs: CISSP Audit and Accountability Domain Overview