Deep Copy
Deep copy is a programming concept where an object is duplicated along with all the objects it references, creating a completely independent copy with no shared references to the original's nested objects. This ensures that modifications to the copy do not affect the original object or its nested structures. It is commonly contrasted with shallow copy, which only copies the top-level object while maintaining references to the same nested objects.
Developers should use deep copy when they need to create a fully independent duplicate of an object, such as when modifying data without altering the original source, implementing undo/redo functionality, or passing objects between threads in concurrent programming to avoid race conditions. It is essential in scenarios where object immutability or data isolation is required, like in state management systems or when working with complex nested data structures in languages like JavaScript, Python, or Java.