Encryption
Encryption is a fundamental security technique that transforms readable data (plaintext) into an unreadable format (ciphertext) using algorithms and keys, ensuring confidentiality and integrity during storage or transmission. It is widely used to protect sensitive information such as passwords, financial data, and communications from unauthorized access or tampering. Common applications include securing web traffic (HTTPS), encrypting files, and safeguarding databases.
Developers should learn encryption to implement security measures in applications that handle sensitive user data, comply with regulations like GDPR or HIPAA, and prevent data breaches. It is essential for building secure authentication systems, protecting API communications, and ensuring privacy in messaging apps or cloud storage. Understanding encryption helps in choosing appropriate algorithms (e.g., AES for symmetric encryption, RSA for asymmetric) based on use cases like data-at-rest vs. data-in-transit.