Espresso
Espresso is a UI testing framework for Android applications, developed by Google as part of the Android Testing Support Library. It provides APIs to write concise, reliable, and fast automated tests for Android UI interactions, such as clicking buttons, entering text, and verifying screen content. It is designed to synchronize test actions with the app's UI thread, reducing flakiness and improving test stability.
Developers should learn Espresso when building Android apps to ensure UI functionality works correctly across different devices and scenarios, particularly for regression testing and continuous integration pipelines. It is essential for creating automated tests that simulate user interactions, helping catch bugs early in development cycles and maintain app quality as features evolve.