Exceptions
Exceptions are a programming language mechanism for handling errors and other exceptional events that disrupt the normal flow of program execution. They allow developers to separate error-handling code from regular business logic, making programs more robust and maintainable. When an exception is thrown, the runtime system searches for an appropriate handler (catch block) to manage the error.
Developers should learn exceptions to write resilient code that gracefully handles unexpected conditions like file not found, network failures, or invalid input. They are essential in production systems where error recovery and logging are critical for debugging and user experience. Exceptions prevent programs from crashing abruptly and enable structured error reporting.