FIPS 140

FIPS 140 is a U.S. government standard that specifies security requirements for cryptographic modules used to protect sensitive information in computer and telecommunication systems. It defines four increasing levels of security (Level 1 to Level 4) that cover areas such as physical security, key management, and cryptographic algorithms. Compliance is validated through independent testing by accredited laboratories, ensuring modules meet rigorous security benchmarks for federal and regulated industries.

Also known as: FIPS 140-2, FIPS 140-3, Federal Information Processing Standard 140, FIPS PUB 140, Cryptographic Module Validation Program

Why learn FIPS 140?

Developers should learn and use FIPS 140 when building or integrating systems that handle sensitive data, especially in government, healthcare, finance, or defense sectors where regulatory compliance is mandatory. It is critical for applications requiring certified cryptographic security, such as secure communications, data encryption, and authentication mechanisms, to protect against threats and meet legal standards like HIPAA or FedRAMP.

Learning Resources

• docs: NIST FIPS 140-3 Standard
• docs: FIPS 140-3 Overview by NIST
• docs: Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP)
• tutorial: FIPS 140 Explained - Tutorial by Security Boulevard
• course: FIPS 140 Compliance Course on Udemy