ORM
ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a programming technique that allows developers to interact with a relational database using object-oriented programming languages, without writing raw SQL queries. It maps database tables to classes, rows to objects, and columns to attributes, abstracting the underlying database structure. This enables developers to work with data as objects in their code, improving productivity and reducing boilerplate.
Developers should learn ORM when building applications that require persistent data storage in relational databases, as it simplifies database interactions, enhances code maintainability, and reduces the risk of SQL injection attacks. It is particularly useful in web development, enterprise applications, and scenarios where rapid prototyping is needed, as it allows focusing on business logic rather than database details. ORMs also facilitate database portability by abstracting vendor-specific SQL differences.