Overlay Networks
Overlay networks are virtual networks built on top of an existing physical network infrastructure, enabling additional functionality or abstraction without modifying the underlying network. They create logical connections between nodes using encapsulation and tunneling techniques, allowing for features like virtual private networks (VPNs), peer-to-peer networks, and software-defined networking (SDN) overlays. This concept is fundamental in modern distributed systems, cloud computing, and network virtualization.
Developers should learn about overlay networks when working on distributed applications, cloud-native architectures, or network-intensive systems, as they provide scalable and flexible communication layers. They are essential for implementing VPNs for secure remote access, building peer-to-peer systems like BitTorrent or blockchain networks, and enabling multi-cloud or hybrid cloud deployments through virtual network overlays. Understanding overlay networks helps in designing resilient and adaptable network topologies in complex environments.