Probability
Probability is a branch of mathematics that quantifies the likelihood of events occurring, expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 indicates impossibility and 1 indicates certainty. It provides a formal framework for modeling uncertainty, randomness, and chance in various contexts, from simple games to complex real-world systems. In computing and data science, probability underpins statistical analysis, machine learning algorithms, and decision-making under uncertainty.
Developers should learn probability to build robust data-driven applications, such as in machine learning for predictive modeling, AI for decision systems, and data analysis for interpreting trends. It is essential for tasks like A/B testing in web development, risk assessment in finance software, and algorithm design in cryptography, enabling informed choices based on uncertain data.