Waterfall Model
The Waterfall Model is a linear, sequential software development methodology where each phase (requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, maintenance) must be completed before the next begins, with minimal overlap or iteration. It emphasizes thorough documentation and upfront planning, making it highly structured and predictable. This approach is often contrasted with agile methodologies, which are more flexible and iterative.
Developers should use the Waterfall Model in projects with well-defined, stable requirements and low uncertainty, such as government contracts, safety-critical systems, or large-scale infrastructure where changes are costly. It is suitable when documentation and regulatory compliance are priorities, as it provides a clear, auditable trail. However, it is less effective for projects requiring frequent adaptation or user feedback, as it lacks flexibility to accommodate changes late in the process.