R
R is a free, open-source programming language and software environment specifically designed for statistical computing, data analysis, and graphical visualization. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques, including linear and nonlinear modeling, classical statistical tests, time-series analysis, classification, clustering, and more. R is widely used by statisticians, data scientists, and researchers for data manipulation, calculation, and graphical display.
Developers should learn R when working in fields requiring advanced statistical analysis, data science, or academic research, such as bioinformatics, finance, or social sciences. It is particularly valuable for creating reproducible research, generating publication-quality graphics, and handling complex data transformations. R's extensive package ecosystem (CRAN) makes it ideal for specialized statistical tasks and machine learning applications.