Smart Cards
Smart cards are physical, pocket-sized cards with embedded integrated circuits that can securely store and process data, often used for authentication, identification, and secure transactions. They typically include a microprocessor and memory, enabling cryptographic operations like encryption and digital signatures. Common applications include credit/debit cards, SIM cards for mobile phones, and government ID cards.
Developers should learn about smart cards when building systems requiring high-security authentication, such as banking apps, secure access control, or e-government services, as they provide tamper-resistant hardware for storing sensitive credentials. They are essential in industries like finance, healthcare, and telecommunications for compliance with security standards like EMV or FIPS 140-2, ensuring data protection against fraud and unauthorized access.