Utilitarianism
Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that judges actions based on their consequences, specifically aiming to maximize overall happiness or well-being (often termed 'utility') for the greatest number of people. It is a form of consequentialism that focuses on outcomes rather than intentions or rules, commonly associated with philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill. In practice, it involves evaluating decisions by weighing the benefits and harms to determine the most beneficial course of action.
Developers should learn utilitarianism to make ethical decisions in technology design, such as prioritizing user privacy, accessibility, or sustainability in software projects. It is useful in scenarios like algorithm development, where choices can impact large populations, or in team management to balance stakeholder interests. Understanding this concept helps in creating products that serve broader societal good and navigate moral dilemmas in tech.