Abstraction
Abstraction is a fundamental programming concept that involves hiding complex implementation details and exposing only essential features or interfaces to users. It simplifies software design by allowing developers to focus on high-level functionality without worrying about underlying complexities. This is commonly implemented through abstract classes, interfaces, or modular components in various programming paradigms.
Developers should learn abstraction to build scalable, maintainable, and reusable code, especially in large systems or when working in teams. It is crucial in object-oriented programming for creating clean APIs, in system design for managing complexity, and in software architecture for separating concerns, such as in layered architectures or microservices.