Composition
Composition is a fundamental software design principle where complex objects or systems are built by combining simpler, reusable components, rather than inheriting from a base class. It emphasizes 'has-a' relationships over 'is-a' relationships, promoting flexibility, modularity, and easier maintenance in code. This concept is widely applied in object-oriented programming, functional programming, and system architecture to create scalable and decoupled designs.
Developers should learn composition to build more maintainable and testable code, as it reduces tight coupling and allows components to be reused independently across different contexts. It is particularly useful in scenarios like building UI components in frameworks like React, designing microservices architectures, or implementing the Strategy and Decorator design patterns, where behavior can be dynamically composed at runtime.