FXML
FXML is an XML-based markup language used in JavaFX applications to define user interfaces declaratively, separating the UI structure from application logic. It allows developers to design complex GUI layouts, bind UI components to data models, and integrate with Java code through controllers, streamlining the development of desktop and rich-client applications. FXML is part of the JavaFX framework, enabling a clean separation between visual design and business logic.
Developers should learn FXML when building JavaFX-based desktop applications, as it simplifies UI creation by using a declarative approach that is easier to maintain and visualize than programmatic Java code. It is particularly useful for complex layouts, rapid prototyping, and scenarios where designers and developers collaborate, as FXML files can be edited with tools like Scene Builder. Use cases include enterprise desktop apps, educational software, and data visualization tools where a rich, responsive GUI is required.