Graph Theory
Graph theory is a branch of discrete mathematics that studies graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. It involves analyzing vertices (nodes) and edges (connections) to solve problems in network analysis, optimization, and data structures. This foundational concept is widely applied in computer science for algorithms, social networks, and route planning.
Developers should learn graph theory to design efficient algorithms for problems like shortest paths, network flow, and recommendation systems, which are common in software engineering and data science. It is essential for roles involving social networks, logistics, or any domain requiring relationship modeling, such as in databases with graph-based queries or machine learning with graph neural networks.