Harvard Architecture
Harvard Architecture is a computer architecture design that physically separates storage and signal pathways for instructions and data. It uses separate memory spaces and buses for program instructions and data, allowing simultaneous access to both. This contrasts with von Neumann architecture, which uses a single shared memory and bus for both.
Developers should understand Harvard Architecture when working with embedded systems, microcontrollers (e.g., ARM Cortex-M, PIC), and digital signal processors (DSPs), as it enables higher performance through parallel instruction and data fetching. It's crucial for optimizing real-time applications, such as in automotive control systems or IoT devices, where predictable timing and efficiency are critical.