JavaFX
JavaFX is a modern, rich client application platform for desktop, mobile, and embedded systems built on Java. It provides a set of graphics and media packages that enable developers to design, create, test, debug, and deploy rich client applications that operate consistently across diverse platforms. It includes features like 2D and 3D graphics, audio, video, and a scene graph for building user interfaces.
Developers should learn JavaFX when building cross-platform desktop applications with advanced UI capabilities, such as data visualization tools, media players, or business dashboards, as it offers better performance and modern features compared to older Java UI frameworks. It is particularly useful for projects requiring hardware-accelerated graphics, touch support, or integration with web technologies through its WebView component.