Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a compact integrated circuit designed to govern a specific operation in an embedded system, combining a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals on a single chip. It is commonly used in devices like home appliances, automotive systems, and IoT gadgets to execute control-oriented tasks with low power consumption and real-time responsiveness.
Developers should learn about microcontrollers when building embedded systems, IoT devices, robotics, or automation projects that require dedicated, low-cost hardware control. They are essential for applications needing real-time processing, minimal power usage, or direct interaction with sensors and actuators, such as in smart home devices or industrial machinery.