Sensors and Actuators
Sensors and actuators are fundamental components in embedded systems, IoT, robotics, and automation. Sensors detect physical or environmental inputs (e.g., temperature, motion, light) and convert them into electrical signals, while actuators receive control signals to perform physical actions (e.g., moving motors, opening valves). Together, they enable devices to interact with the real world by sensing conditions and executing responses.
Developers should learn about sensors and actuators when building systems that require real-world interaction, such as IoT devices, robotics, industrial automation, or smart home applications. This knowledge is essential for designing hardware-software interfaces, implementing control systems, and ensuring reliable data acquisition and actuation in projects involving physical computing.